Excerpt from special report on Chinese fraud

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SHELL GAMES: A Reuters Investigation

By Nanette Byrnes and Lynnley Browning

NEW YORK – A spate of spectacular collapses of Chinese stocks listed on American exchanges has cost U.S. investors billions of dollars. The fiasco has sparked multiple investigations. Accusations are swirling in Washington and Beijing.

It all began with an email sent out of the blue a decade ago to a Texas businessman named Timothy Halter.

The email came from Shanghai native Zhihao “John” Zhang. The former medical student introduced himself and asked: Was Halter interested in helping bring Chinese companies to the U.S. stock market? Zhang proposed using a backdoor method that the Texan had mastered for American firms: buying dormant shell companies listed on U.S. exchanges. Soon, Halter and Zhang brought two Chinese firms to market in America: a manufacturer of power-steering systems and a maker of vitamins, weight-loss supplements and household cleaners.

The email led to a boom for a niche industry of advisers who specialize in a brand of deals, called the “reverse merger,” that use shell companies to give clients easy entry into U.S. capital markets. More than 400 Chinese companies seized the chance.

Leading the way was Halter, a slim, salt-and-pepper-haired man who played a direct or indirect part in 23 deals; staked his name on at least 20 other deals done by his Shanghai partner, Zhang; and paved the way, through conferences in China, for dozens of other deals.

It was a lucrative gambit: Halter lives with his family on a 50-acre ranch in Texas, where he breeds bass.

His firm, Halter Financial Group, threw splashy “summits” to promote the industry, including a gathering headlined by former President George W. Bush in 2010. Its website boasts: “Reverse Merger Experts!”

But deals birthed by Halter and his imitators are now blowing up.

Investors have alleged widespread accounting irregularities and other problems at dozens of the Chinese companies that reverse-listed in the U.S., causing share prices to nosedive. Since March, some 30 Chinese firms have seen their auditors resign and at least 25 have been delisted from U.S. exchanges.